Screen Printing Process

by Alicia Sung

Screen printing is a printing process that makes use of a woven mesh to hold an ink-blocking stencil. The attached stencil outlines the open areas of the mesh that transfer ink in the form of a sharp-edged image on the surface that is to be printed and this surface is called substrate. On the screen stencil, a squeegee or roller moves and pumps the ink on the open areas that are to be printed with that particular color.

Silk screening or serigraph also involves screen printing. In this, the stencil method of the print making imposes a design on the screen of silk or any other fine mesh and the empty areas are covered with an impermeable substance while the ink is put on the printing surface through the mesh. The silk printing was the traditional method but now it has been replaced with the polyester for screen painting.

During the reign of Song dynasty in China, the screen printing appeared in the recognizable form. Japan and other Asian countries started using this printing method and advanced it further by using this in conjunction with paints and block printing. Asia introduced screen painting to the Western Europe in the late 1700s but screen painting was not used widely in the Europe due to unavailability of silk mesh here and it started gaining wider acceptance when silk mesh on trade with Asia became easily available and also, other mediums that could be used were developed.

The rotary machine was patented by Michael Vasilantone in’60 in the United States to print logos and team information on the bowling garments. It was licensed by different manufacturers to produce screen- prints on the garments like t-shirts, and hats. The screen printing on the garments has become so popular that it accounts for almost half of the screen printing activity going on in the country.

The screen printing business flourished and became a profitable industry. It was adopted by the artists to express and they used it to duplicate their works and they have been using it before ’00s. Currently, it is popular both in the commercial printing and fine arts industry. It is commonly used print images on the T-shirts, CDs, DVDs, hats, glass, ceramics, polyethylene, paper, polypropylene, wood and metals.

The first industrial screen printing process was patented in’07 and many years later, John Pilsworth of San Francisco introduced the multi-color printing using the same screen. In this, the different screen areas were blocked for different color inks and a multi-colored image was produced. This technique is popular in printing signs and posters.

The Corporate have well utilized this option and have started giving their employees and clients corporate gifts that are screen printed with different ideas and also corporate logos. This is a good way in which the corporate can increase their presence. The Corporate gifts are usually given once or twice to the employees. The screen printed corporate gifts are like t-shirts made in different sizes and styles keeping in mind the different employees. The corporate gifts can also be in form of mugs, beer and wine glasses, and many corporate give their best employees fully paid vacations.

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